Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH)
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Overview
Autoimmune Hepatitis is a serious, chronic condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, causing long-term inflammation and potential liver damage. If left untreated, it can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. But with the right treatment, it can be managed effectively.
What is Autoimmune Hepatitis?
Autoimmune Hepatitis is a rare autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system targets the liver. This can lead to inflammation, scarring, and even liver failure over time. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing severe complications.
Key Facts about Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis lasts for many years and can worsen without treatment.
Untreated, it may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.
Affects females 4 times more than males.
If you have one autoimmune disease, you’re at a higher risk of developing autoimmune hepatitis.
What Causes Autoimmune Hepatitis?
The immune system typically defends the body against infections, but in autoimmune hepatitis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy liver cells. Though the exact cause remains unknown, heredity and prior infections may play a role. Understanding what triggers this immune response is key to managing the condition.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
The symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Common signs to watch out for include:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal discomfort
- Joint pain
- Itching
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Enlarged liver
- Nausea and loss of appetite
- Spider angiomas (small blood vessels on the skin)
Severe complications may include ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) and mental confusion, especially in more advanced stages of the disease.
Diagnosis and Testing
If autoimmune hepatitis is suspected, your doctor may recommend blood tests and a liver biopsy. These tests help confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of liver damage. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
Treatment Options for Autoimmune Hepatitis
Managing autoimmune hepatitis involves suppressing the immune system to prevent further liver damage. The primary treatment options include:
- Prednisone: A steroid used to reduce inflammation and immune response.
- Azathioprine (Imuran): Often used alongside prednisone for better control.
While these medications help manage the disease, long-term use can lead to side effects like diabetes, osteoporosis, and weight gain. Other medications may be prescribed to manage these side effects.
Who Is at Risk?
Autoimmune Hepatitis affects mostly women between the ages of 15 and 40. If you already have another autoimmune condition, your risk of developing autoimmune hepatitis increases. Some of these conditions include:
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Thyroiditis
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Vitiligo
- Sjogren’s Syndrome
Living with Autoimmune Hepatitis
Though autoimmune hepatitis can be managed with ongoing treatment, it’s important to stay informed and proactive. Regular medical checkups, adherence to prescribed treatments, and lifestyle adjustments are essential in maintaining health and preventing complications.